These guides cover the arithmetic behind weight change and training, in the order most people need it. Energy balance comes first: roughly 7,700 calories of deficit correspond to a kilogram of body fat, which is why half a kilogram a week means a daily deficit near 500. Then the levers that decide whether the weight lost is fat rather than muscle, which are protein at 1.6 to 2.2 grams per kilogram of body weight and some resistance training. Then the practical questions: how to count calories without exhausting yourself, how to prepare food so the plan survives a busy week, and how much cardio is worth doing. Every figure quoted comes from published equations or position statements, and none of it replaces advice from a doctor or a dietitian for a diagnosed condition. Where a guide simplifies something contested, it says so rather than picking a side: the split between carbohydrate and fat, the value of fasted cardio and the timing of protein are all areas where the evidence is thinner than the confidence of the people writing about them.

Official sources

The formulas, food data and health thresholds used on this page come from the following public sources, checked for 2026:

Frequently asked questions

Begin with the TDEE guide to find your maintenance level, then the calorie counting guide to learn how to log a day accurately. Those two together take about twenty minutes to read and cover ninety per cent of what matters. Everything else on this page, macros, protein targets, meal timing, is refinement on top of that base.
Between 0.5 and 1 per cent of bodyweight per week is the range that preserves muscle and stays sustainable, which is roughly 0.4 to 0.8 kilograms for an 80 kilogram adult. Faster loss is possible but costs lean mass and is harder to hold. Slower loss is perfectly valid and often the better choice when you already carry little fat.
No. Protein is the one worth hitting closely, because it protects muscle and controls hunger; carbohydrates and fat can move around freely as long as total calories hold. Being within ten grams of a protein target and inside your calorie budget puts you ahead of almost everyone tracking to the gram and burning out after a month.
For weight, yes: energy balance decides the direction of the scale. For body composition, health and adherence, it is not enough on its own. Protein intake, resistance training, sleep and the size of the deficit decide how much of the loss is fat rather than muscle, and whether you can hold the result once the diet ends.
Eight to sixteen weeks, then a period at maintenance. Long deficits erode training performance, appetite control and often adherence, and the metabolic adaptation that comes with them is real if modest. Planned breaks at maintenance let hunger hormones recover and make the next block easier, which is why almost every structured programme includes them.
First, check that the stall is real: water retention easily masks two weeks of progress, so compare weekly averages rather than daily readings. If the average has genuinely flatlined for three weeks, tighten measurement before cutting calories again, because portion drift is the usual culprit. Only then reduce intake by about a hundred calories a day.
Both, with resistance training as the priority if you are in a deficit. Lifting is what tells the body to keep muscle while calories are low; cardio adds to the deficit and improves cardiovascular health. A practical split is two or three lifting sessions and two cardio sessions a week, adjusted to whatever you will actually do.